Essay about Restorative Justice and the Criminal Justice...

Restorative Justice 1 Running Head: RESTORATIVE JUSTICE Restorative Justice and the Criminal Justice System Jeffrey A. McGhee PSF5002 Survey of Public Safety Issues, Theory and Concepts 501 West Northern Parkway Baltimore, Maryland 21210 Telephone: 410-323-7452 Email: jmcghee6@gmail.com Instructor: Kenneth Szymkowiak Restorative Justice 2 The modern field of restorative justice developed in the 1970’s from case experiments in several communities with a proportionately sizable Mennonite population. Mennonites and other practitioners in Ontario, Canada, and later in Indiana, experimented with victim offender encounters that led to programs in these communities and later became models for programs throughout the†¦show more content†¦The courts functions are broken down into prosecutors, judges and magistrates. The prosecutors file charges or petitions for adjudication, seek indictments, drop cases and reduce charges. Restorative Justice 4 The judges and magistrates set bail or conditions for release, accept pleas, determine delinquency, dismiss charges, impose sentences, and revoke probation (Overview, 2008). The corrections components are correctional officials and paroling authorities. Correction officials assign to type of correctional facility, award privileges, and punish for disciplinary infractions. The paroling authorities determine date and conditions of parole and revoke parole. Corrections are a primary function of the state and government (Overview, 2008). Throughout the United States the criminal justice system is in a state of crisis. The public is fearful and angry. Practitioners are weary and frustrated. Criminal justice policy is driven more by anecdote than systematic information. Costs of current policies are not sustainable over long periods. Victims are often re-victimized in the process. The widespread sense of dissatisfaction has caused a fundamental rethinking of our criminal justice s ystem and the formulation of an alternative approach to [ (Criminal Justice Overview) ]criminal justice called restorative justice [ (Pranis, Building Community Support for Restorative Justice: Principles andShow MoreRelatedRestorative Justice : The Criminal Justice System987 Words   |  4 Pagesconcept in the criminal justice arena, restorative justice has become a popular tool in the fields of both victimology and criminology (Doble Greene, 2000). According to Doble Greene, (2000) Restorative justice has been defined as: â€Å"A theory of justice that emphasizes repairing the harm caused or revealed by criminal behavior. It is best accomplished through cooperative processes that include all stakeholders.† Unlike the traditional criminal justice system, restorative justice main focus isRead MoreRestorative Justice And The Criminal Justice System2380 Words   |  10 PagesTo What Extent Should Restorative Justice be incorporated within the Criminal Justice System in England and Wales? (2500 words) This essay will look into the notion of restorative justice and its relationship with the criminal justice system in England and Wales. Furthermore, it will also seek to show the extent of the relationship that the two hold. I believe that although some academics have provided research on the potential benefits regarding young offenders (Katz, 2000), there are still fundamentalRead MoreRestorative Justice Is A System Of Criminal Justice1948 Words   |  8 PagesRestorative justice is a system of criminal justice that focuses on the rehabilitation of offenders through reconciliation with victims and the community at large. Understanding the definition may be really hard to understand, however when we put it in a different form that many can understand it comes down to repair, encounter and transformation. Our book describes restorative justice in three parts as accountability, community protection and competency development (Sieh, 2006). AccountabilityRead MoreRestorative Justice vs. the Criminal Justice System965 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Restorative justice is a humanistic way of addressing the gap that exists between constructive resolution of crime and the institutional systems devised by societies to address crime and manage criminals. The tack that restorative justice takes is to ameliorate the impact of crime on victims and other individuals, and to establish a responsive model of crime prevention and response to criminal incidents. Conventional criminal justice relies on the threat of punishment in order toRead MoreRestorative Justice And The Justice System1044 Words   |  5 PagesRestorative justice has can be seen to have multiple definitions among the most used are: A) a theory of justice that focuses on repairing the harm caused by criminal behavior and B) an approach of justice that aims to satisfy the needs of the victims and offenders, as well as the entire community. The most broadly accepted definition of restorative justice, however, is a process where all the parties that have equal power in a specific offense and collectively come to a solution on how to deal withRead MoreRestorative Justice Is A Cost Effective Way Of Dealing With Crimes Essay1384 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Restorative justice is an option to the formal criminal justice system which emphasizes repairing the harm caused by criminal behavior. It can build the criminal law’s moral reliability and validity, which in turn will give the law the ability to gain compliance 377 (Elias., 2016). Although Restorative Justice has many benefits, it is not for everyone in every circumstance. In this research paper, I will be arguing that restorative justice is a cost-effective way of dealing with crimesRead MoreCriminal Law, Questions and Answers 1284 Words   |  5 Pages1 Introduction Restorative justice as a whole is not gaining support in South Africa as the majority of our country is in favour of the punitive system in order to combat the high levels of crime. However, there are several areas of criminal law that has received increasing support for restorative justice as opposed to our current system, such as when dealing with youth offenders. Despite the harsh criticism of restorative justice, it has received judicial recognition in a number of cases recentlyRead MoreLeadership And Management Of Restorative Justice1193 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership and Management of Restorative Justice To address the increasing recidivism rate among offenders in the juvenile and adult criminal justice system, comprehensive restorative justice programs should expand to a much wider faction of the United States criminal justice system. Programs should be implemented on federal, state, and local levels to effectively and efficiently achieve this goal. The goals that should be strived for must be kept in mind so that adequate progress can be made andRead MoreRESTORATIVE JUSTICE1036 Words   |  5 Pages Restorative Justice Introduction to Criminal Court Systems - CJA 224 January 20, 2014 Michael S. Hudson Restorative Justice Other than the conventional Criminal Justice process there is a new way to handle crime called the Restorative Justice program. This program exists only in certain cities throughout the United States. The Restorative Justice program has the purpose to reduce crime. This program has many steps, and during the course of the process hasRead MoreRestorative Justice: Reconciliation of Society, the Victim and the Offender1335 Words   |  6 Pagescharacteristic of restorative justice- to reconcile society, the victim and the offender- but also to rehabilitate the offender so that he is no longer an â€Å"enemy† of the criminal justice system. This form of justice is gaining support in South Africa; however there are limitations to this form of justice which also in turn limit its success in the future. Restorative justice alone is definitely not a method of justice which we can adopt but it may be possible that this form of justice can help if it

The Socio Political And Economic Effects Of Colonialism On...

The ramifications of the socio-political and economic effects of colonialism on African women have stunted African development. The economic impact of colonial rule led to a further decrease in significance and power held by women in society. This is greatly linked to agriculture, in the form of land alienation. Women were seen as major food producers in countries such as Kenya, for example, the Kikuyu women, and had access and authority over the cultivation of crops and land. Integral to women’s prominence in society was the productive labour that they provided. With Colonial rule many women loss access to land and become economically dependent on men, women were excluded from private ownership of land. In addition to economic dependency these women also faced strengthened patriarchy in the home, a consequence of the adaptation of European ideology. The introduction of wage labour also negatively impacted African women. With the introduction of European plantations women and children were in some cases legislatively bound to provide labour. Women and children were instrumental to the success of the Rungwi tea industry as well as the Mbosi coffee industry. Not only did this deter women from their day-to-day economic activities, and consequently, had negative impacts on the market but subjected women to sexual abuse from European as well as African men on the plantations. The African men were deterred from traditional African responsibilities or peasantShow MoreRelated Colonialism in the Caribbean Essay1563 Words   |  7 PagesColonialism in the Caribbean Although Michelle Cliff, Antonio Benitez- Rojo, and Sidney Mintz all discuss the Caribbean in their writings they all have very distinct perspectives. In his writing, The Caribbean as a Socio-cultural Area, Sidney Mintz discusses the Caribbean from a historical standpoint in which he characterizes it as a socially united, rather than a culturally united one. Antonio Benitez- Rojo tries to explain the distinct cultures of the Caribbean with a combination of historicalRead MoreBroader Impact Of Colonization On African Continent Essay1292 Words   |  6 Pagescolonization on African Continent According to the dictionary, colonialism may be defined as the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupy it settlers, and exploit it economically. Colonialism between the 1870s and 1900s had a massive impact on African communities. Therefore, I am studying effect of colonialism because I want to find out its impacts in order to understand the transformation it brought to the African continent basedRead MoreIntroduction Globalisation is evident in our everyday living, and is inescapable; as it portrays2600 Words   |  11 Pagesliving, and is inescapable; as it portrays many forms and directly influences each individual. Maston (p.4, 2014) defines globalisation as an ‘increasing interconnectedness of different parts of the world through common processes of economic, environmental, political and cultural change’. This complex global system can be incorporated, embraced or rejected by a local culture. However, throughout humanity’s existence, unique locations, beliefs, values and way of living are disturbed by the proliferationRead MoreThe Joys Of Motherhood Summary1253 Words   |  6 PagesIn â€Å"The Joys of Motherhood† Emecheta talks about the issues of women oppressing western culture during precolonial and post-colonial periods in Nigeria. Nigerian herself, Emecheta describes how women tried to fight against gender inequality, sexual difference, the need to belong an d be accepted by society based on ‘class’ in 1900s. Even though, Emecheta doesn’t point out that there’s a danger of a single story in The Joys of Motherhood, when it comes to understanding world literature one needs toRead MoreWesternization Is The Result Of The Contact Between Western And Non Western Cultures962 Words   |  4 PagesWesternization is the result of the contact between western and non-western cultures. Beginning in the fifteenth century and playing out until the nineteenth century, colonialism and neo-imperialism by means of the Euro-Atlantic economy’s authority, played a major part in the spread of western culture. For example, even after decolonizing and becoming their own countries with their own governance, many former-colonies adopted aspects of western politics, even if they firmly opposed other aspectsRead MoreStructural Adjustment Programs And Its Impact On Ghana s Human Development2653 Words   |  11 Pageswhen develope d nations flourished through the exploitation of the global south, creating a structure that places developed nations as the key players of the world. Although colonialism came to an end just after the Second World War, it gave birth to a new system called neoliberalism, which encompasses a new form of colonialism. This saw the introduction of transnational institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Trade Organization (WTO), and the World Bank. These institutionsRead MoreCritical Theory2567 Words   |  11 Pages2 theories from Semester 1 and highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the theories’ application. In this essay two theories will be examined in regards to their advantages and disadvantages, when applied. For this, Feminism and Post-Colonialism will be used, as both theories unite in their aim to deconstruct the dominant ideologies and stereotypes in a patriarchal and imperialistic ‘white European male ’ dominated society, thus overthrowing centuries of colonization, subordination, marginalizationRead MoreCritical Theory2551 Words   |  11 PagesChoose 2 theories from Semester 1 and highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the theories’ application. In this essay two theories will be examined in regards to their advantages and disadvantages, when applied. For this, Feminism and Post-Colonialism will be used, as both theories unite in their aim to deconstruct the dominant ideologies and stereotypes in a patriarchal and imperialistic ‘white European male ’ dominated society, thus overthrowing centuries of colonization, subordination, marginalizationRead More The Marxist Formula in Emechetas The Joys of Motherhood Essay4895 Words   |  20 Pagestriggered vast change within the tribal civilizations thriving on the continent prior to European occupation. For the Africans, these changes altered every level of their culture: language, religion, as well as ancient tribal customs. But one of the most devastating aspects of the British colonization in Africa was the European economic system: capitalism. Capitalism left many Africans reeling from its destructive impact on tribal economies. Nowhere is this more evident th an in The Joys of MotherhoodRead MoreEast African Culture Reflects on Their Drama Using Aminata, Echoes of Silence and I Will Marry When I Want as Case Study12168 Words   |  49 PagesEKITI STATE UNIVERSITY ADO - EKITI FACULTY OF ARTS DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH AND LITERARY STUDIES AN ASSIGNMENT ON: ELS 226 (MODERN AFRICAN DRAMA) SUBMITTED BY : GROUP 4 QUESTION: THE CULTURE OF THE PEOPLE DETERMINES ITS DRAMA. DISCUSS THE EAST AFRICAN EXPERIENCE AS EXEMPLIFY IN FRANCES LIMBULGA’S AMMATA, NGUGI WA THIONGO’ S I WILL MARRY WHEN I WANT AND JOHN RUGANDA’S ECHOES OF SILENCE. LECTURER-IN-CHARGE: DR OLANIYAN MRS LIST OF GROUP MEMBERS. OGUNFEIBO AYOKUNLE O 1002630 IBITOYE

The Minimum Drinking Age Act - 1490 Words

On July 17th, 1984, President Reagan passed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act (1). This meant that in order to purchase and publicly posses alcohol, one must be twenty-one years old (1). Today, many push for a reversion back to a drinking age of eighteen years old. The reasons on both sides are many, and all of them will be explored and diagnosed. As the reasons pile on, though, it will become clear that the drinking age should return to eighteen. The first reason that the drinking age should be lowered, and possibly the most obvious, is that an eighteen-year-old has the right to vote and serve in the military. If you are of the mental capacity to decide you will die for this country rather than let it be overtaken, as well as logically determine who you want leading the country, you should absolutely be able to drink alcohol. This is the easiest argument to make and there is not much of a counterpoint to contradict this specifically. A similar argument is that an eighteen-year-o ld is tried as an adult in court. Someone who is capable of making essentially every other decision in their life as an adult suddenly cannot decide whether they should drink or not. Logically, having one outlier like this does not make sense. It is a hypocritical stance and there simply should not be this disparity in age. A counterpoint often made here is that a higher drinking age has to do with one’s brain development. The simple fact here is that â€Å"There’s no magic that happens physically toShow MoreRelatedThe Minimum Drinking Age Act1211 Words   |  5 Pages Some people find it hard to understand that at the age of eighteen you can fight and die for your country, but you cannot legally drink or purchase alcoholic beverages. Others find it hard to believe that there are people who want people under the age of twenty-one drinking. The important question is: should the drinking age be lowered to eighteen instead of remaining at twenty-one? The legal drinking age is the age at which a person can consume or purchase alcohol. These laws cover a wide rangeRead MoreThe Minimum Drinking Age Act1692 Words   |  7 PagesNational Minimum Drinking Age Act. This act stated that all states must raise their minimum drinking age to 21. Individuals under the age of 21 would now be prohibited from purchasing or being in public possession of any alcoholic beverage. Though not every state was keen on this idea, they all jumped to raise the minimum drinking age due to the government threat that they would lose up to 10% of their federal highway funding if they ignored the request. However, since the National Minimum Drinking AgeRead MoreThe Minimum Drinking Age Act Of 19841407 Words   |  6 Pages17 the United States Congress passed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984. Signed by President Ronald Regan, which requires that states prohibit people under the age of 21 from purchasing or publicly process alcoholic beverages as a condition of receiving State highway funds. Initially intended as a comprehensive approach to reduce the number of alcohol related deaths on the nations highways. Not prohibiting a person under 21 from drinking under certain exceptions some such as religious purposesRead MoreThe Minimum Drinking Age Act Of 19841219 Words   |  5 Pagesand college-aged students. The drinking age should be lowered to 18 because adults can legally marry, begin a career and support a family, as well as serve in the military and prison. Along with these and many other reasons, the rebellious nature for wanting to participate in illegal activities is an immense driving force for why teens and young adults drink illegally. Why is the Minimum Legal Drinking Age 21? State governments decided their own individual drinking age after Prohibition ended in 1933Read MoreProhibition Of The National Minimum Drinking Age Act1376 Words   |  6 Pages1993, the drinking age was set at twenty one but was later lowered to eighteen because of the passage of the 26th amendment which lowered the voting age to eighteen. In order to combat drunk driving, The National Minimum Drinking Age Act was passed and stated that states must raise their drinking age to twenty one or lose 10% of their funds to pay for their highways. The organization MADD (Mother’s Against Drunk Driving) was the group who put pressure on congress to pass The National Minimum DrinkingRead MoreThe National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 Is Not Working738 Words   |  3 Pagesworking. The NMDA, National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984, which states that people under the age of 21 can’t consume or purchase alcohol, has only served to heighten the problem that is currently being faced. The only realistic way to make real progress while reversing the negative effect the NMDA act has had and is having is to abolish the NMDA act and introduce a new act that establishes different phases to introduce alcohol to minors. In essence, the purpose of the NMDA act was to decrease the numberRead MoreAlcohol And Substance Abuse And The National Minimum Drinking Age Act2083 Words   |  9 Pagesstarted to arise. One being the legal age to start drinking alcohol. The national minimum drinking age act was signed on July 17th, 1984 to the law, with the drinking age at minimum being 21 (Archer M.D.). An adult is any person who’s reached the age of maturity as directed by law (Archer M.D.). Legally, being 18 years old in the U.S. is considered to be the adult age, but the consumption of alcohol has always been withheld from the young adults of today, until the age of 21. When you’re 18 year old, youRead MoreThe Minimum Drinking Age Act1700 Words   |  7 Pagesthe National Minimum Drinking Age Act made all 50 states raise the legal drinking age to 21(Dejong). The debate is on whether the age should be lowered or not. Statistically, having the age at 21 has been very helpful in keeping the nation safe. If there is not an issue with age now, would it make sense to lower the age and create unnecessary problems? In this case, the negative effects outweigh the positive. Simply because there is no good in lowering the age. The legal drinking age has been setRead MoreNational Minimum Drinking Age Act Essay719 Words   |  3 PagesIn 1984 the United States Government approved the National Minimum Drinking Age Act that required that â€Å"the States prohibit persons under 21 years of age from purchasing or publicly possessing alcoholic beverages as a condition of receiving State highway funds.† Even though this bill was nowhere near the magnitude of the prohibition act that was passed less than a century before it, the act still damaged the relationship between individuals, firms, and the United States government. Although theRead MoreThe National Minimum Drinking Age Act Of 19841084 Words   |  5 Pagesresponsibilities consuming alcohol at the average age of 18. However , unlike most countries in the world the United States has determined to establish their drinking age to be set at 21 years of age. This antiquated position is unjust to many young American adults. The National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 should be revised and reconstituted to the legal age of 18. To provide a more suitable America that is secure and reasonable for all young adults. The drinking age needs to be lowered so that it can reduce

Social Justice Paper free essay sample

Christian Morality Gender Discrimination: The Plague of the Era What exactly is gender discrimination? The literal definition goes as follows: When a person is faced with unequal or different treatment based entirely on the victim’s sex or gender (Source: Findlaw. com). This is a serious civil rights offense, and it affects not only women, it’s most common victim, but men, and members of the LGBT community, as well. The most common places that said discrimination takes place are in employment, education, in situations of borrowing or credit issues, and housing. An example of how common this issue is can be found in 2010 when the EEOC, (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission), had found that 30% of its complaints regarded sex discrimination of both women AND men (Source: kmblegal. com). However, many question why gender discrimination is an injustice, while many others simply ignore the subject and claim that it no longer exists. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Justice Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The true problem with this topic, as Julie Mullens states, is that â€Å"It results in millions of tragedies, which add up to lost potential for entire countries. Studies show there is a direct link between a countrys attitude toward women and its progress socially and economically. The status of women is central to the health of a society. If one part suffers, so does the whole† (Source: childreninneed. org). As stated in the quote above, gender discrimination, not just of women, but of others, takes a direct toll on the victims, as well as nationally, and on a grander scale: world-wide. Victims outside of America, particularly women, face issues such as dowry which is payment to the groom’s family for taking in a wife, even though it can be portrayed as carrying a burden for another woman in the family; neglect, infanticide and sex-selective abortion, abuse, forced labor, and sex trafficking (Source: childreninneed. org). Julie Mullens’ quote proves that this not only takes a physical and emotional toll on the victims, but within the social and economical structures of society. Without the people who are discriminated in our lives; men, women, and others, we are literally nothing. A recent example of said gender discrimination occurred in San Francisco, California, in September of last year. A United States judge refused a Wal-Mart in the area to ignore a discrimination case from women plaintiffs regarding payment and promotion issues based on gender. The case was closed after the Wal-Mart attorney, Theodore Boutrous Jr. , said such claims could not be true due to Wal-mart’s no-toleration policy regarding gender discrimination. However, considering a similar law suit was reported in Texas, the attorney supporting the women, Brad Seligman, is becoming suspicious about Wal-mart’s â€Å"policies†. Source: huffingtonpost. com) This case perfectly displays why gender discrimination is such a problem. For example, this injustice, for the case, was continued because the claims of these women were rejected after Wal-mart’s rebuttal regarding its policies. Considering society is more favoring of men than women, often leading to patriarchy, t his is a perfect example of discrimination continues. In this case, the discrimination not only lies in the fault of Wal-Mart itself, but also in the court disregarding the claims of these female workers. The final question is: how exactly can this injustice be brought to an end? In the United States, gender and sex discrimination is a direction violation of Tile VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, thus it is best to contact a Civil Rights Attorney or your lawyer. Other laws that prohibit this discrimination include The Equal Credit Opportunity Act, The Fair Housing Act, The Equal Pay Act of 1963, The Family and Medical Leave Act, and many more (Source: findlaw. com). However, for world-wide society to change as a whole, one thing can prevail and offer change: education.